Sunday, August 3, 2014

Church the Way it Used to Be (pre-1980)


If you belong to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and are older than say, 40, you may remember the good ol' days when we spent a lot more time at our church buildings than we do now.  Even if you think that's not humanly possible, it's the truth.  Read carefully, and you will appreciate our current system!

Before the miraculous "pruning of meetings" in March 1980, our meeting schedule went this way:

Sunday--Priesthood meeting about 8 a.m.-9:30 a.m.  Dad attends, then returns home to pick up family for: Sunday School and Junior Sunday School, 10 a.m.-11:30 a.m.  (There was no nursery so you managed your children under the age of 3 while you attempted to get 30 seconds of Sunday School instruction).  Family returns home after Sunday School to eat/sleep/eat/eat again, then returns for Sacrament Mtg @ 5:30-7 p.m.  Family returns home hungry and cross and kids get to bed too late to wake up for school the next day.

exhausted LDS family pre-1980


Never resent or complain about the 3-hour block of Sabbath meetings!

Tuesday or Wednesday--Relief Society 9:30 a.m.--11 a.m. except first week of the month was homemaking meeting where a major project was completed from 9:00--1:00 and lunch was served.  Children were watched over in the nursery staffed by me.  By myself.

Also on Tuesday or Wednesday afternoon was Primary, about 3:00--4:30.  Children usually came straight from school.  As they trickled into the ward building, they were watched over by an unlucky person (me again) until Primary began.  If you've ever tried to manage 30 children between the ages of 3--11, you'll know how much "fun" I had and how much "non-quality time" they had.  My job was to keep them from being kidnapped or run over by a car while they waited for classes to begin.  They would have had a better experience locked in a padded cell until Primary time.



Mutual Improvement Association for teenagers met on one of those week nights, 7:00--8:30, for children age 12-18.

In addition to the above, there were presidency meetings, frequent socials, firesides, budget dinners, Scout auctions, and Relief Society bazaars.  I'll explain the unfamiliar and archaic of the above.

At budget dinners an inexpensive dinner was served (as in meatless soggy spaghetti--anemic iceberg lettuce salad--buttered Wonder Bread), the Bishop gave an inspirational talk, and people felt moved to commit an amount of money toward the operation of the ward.   Members now no longer pay into a ward budget; the Church supplies the money needed by local units, and bases the amount on Sacrament Meeting attendance.  Yay!

Similar to budget dinners was one I attended that was held to raise money to build the Boise Temple.  In the early 1980s the Boise Temple was announced--what a thrill!  At that time we traveled 5 hours one-way to attend the temple in Idaho Falls.  Each ward and stake was assessed a given amount of money to raise toward construction.  We were happy to give our part which was a big hunk of money we didn't have.  But then we had it.  I'm glad we sacrificed.

interior of Boise Temple

Scout auctions were held once a year to raise money for the local Boy Scouts of America program and camp fees.  People in the ward donated stuff or services, then bid for them.  We came home with some good stuff for not  a lot of money.  Flusher families willingly paid inflated prices for stuff, in the name of supporting the Scout program.  This practice was discontinued over 20 years ago, but I notice it has crept back in this year.  Our youth held an auction last month to raise money for summer camp.  It started out slow and then folks seemed to catch on that it was a money-raising affair, and bid generously and the youth came away with enough cash to pay for all their summer camp fees.

LDS Scouting compliments the priesthood--I love Scouting!

Relief Society bazaars were discontinued about the time I joined the Church 1972.  Apparently the sisters needed money but I don't know what for.  Women used to talk about the bazaars but I never personally attended one.  Methinks that purple glass grapes were popular items for sale at the bazaars.  You know, the ones you see at Deseret Industries for 25 cents.



faithful Relief Society leaders back in the day

Meetings: Stake and Ward meetings were much more frequent  back in the day.  If you worked in a teaching organization such as Primary--Young Women--Relief Society--Sunday School, you had monthly (yes, monthly!) inservice meetings to learn how to be better teachers.  That was pared down to quarterly later, and organizations eventually combined their inservice meetings to minimize multiple people having to prepare a quarterly lesson.  Inservice was done away with a decade back.  As were prayer meetings that were held before sacrament meeting.

General Conference lasted 3 days instead of the current two, until the early 70s, and Stake Conferences were held quarterly rather than semi-annually as now.  If your stake was as spread out as our Mt. Whitney/Ridgecrest California Stake was, members from the far reaches travelled 3 or 4 hours to attend Stake meetings.  One-way.

Not covered above are important practices such as Home Teaching and Visiting Teaching, which we still faithfully perform today.  Most of us live in more compact wards now so travel is minimized;   there is no longer a physical barrier to completing our Home Teaching and Visiting Teaching!  There was a time (outside of Utah) that members traveled for hours every month to meet with their assigned families.

Ahhh, those were the days.

NOTE: Someone reminded me that I neglected to mention Seminary!   Outside of Utah, Seminary (religious instruction for high-schoolers) was held from 6:00-7:00 a.m. on school days.  That meant a lot of parents were getting out of bed at 5:30 a.m. to drive their teenagers to the ward building.  I'm sure those lucky enough to be close to a ward building praised the Lord daily for that sweet blessing.

Tuesday, May 13, 2014

Mt. Hood, Magnificent and Deadly


Mt. Hood. A glorious shining sentinel, Mt. Hood is the tallest peak in Oregon, reaching 11,249 feet. The Cascade chain of volcanos snakes from British Columbia on the north to northern California on the south. Mt. Hood is about halfway along the chain. Mt. Lassen and Mt. St. Helens are the only two that have erupted in recent memory, although Mt. Hood routinely puts out steam and produces clusters of tiny earthquakes.

Back in the day, Mt. Hood was a formidable obstacle to early-19th century pioneers who intended to make Oregon City or the Willamette Valley their home. Sliced with deep canyons and pitted glaciers, and strewn with enormous boulders in fields of slippery scree, no way could wooden wagons forge over its flanks and remain in one piece. Pioneers were forced to stop at The Dalles to build rafts to for a precarious journey down the Columbia and Willamette Rivers to their new settlements. That is, until Mr. Sam Barlow built a rough road across its southern flank in 1846. And then the rush to Western Oregon began.


Now, thousands of climbers strive for Mt. Hood's summit every year. The typical climb involves departing from Timberline Lodge (6000 feet) around midnight and reaching the summit no later than 10 a.m., before softening snow begins releasing entrapped rotten rock. Plenty of climbers have been injured by rock hurtling downslope. Other dangers involve avalanches and mountain-generated storms that can swoop down on climbers in an instant.

This map shows the glaciers on Hood. Most have receded dramatically the past few decades, but they still carry the danger of crevasses that have contributed to climbing accidents and deaths.

When you look at Mt. Hood from a distance, you might think of it as a serene, friendly mountain and a great place for a rigorous but do-able hike to the summit. The photo below shows that not to be the case. A climber is faced with obstacles, one of which is the bergshrund, a large crevasse climbers must cross before reaching the summit (shown a bit lower than center of this photo).  


Accidents occur every climbing season, and frequently someone dies on Mt. Hood. Some of those are never found. The list below shows the fatalities that have occurred in recent memory. Another one occurred this morning (May 13) when a Catholic priest from New Jersey stood on the summit, not realizing he was standing on a cornice (a large pileup of snow that clings to a ridge and is suspended over thin air). He went right through it 1000 feet down, landing on Elliot Glacier. I guess you could say he was one of the lucky ones--his body was retrieved. Many are encased in ice somewhere on the slopes.

The worst accident ever was in 1986 when seven high school students and two of their teachers were caught in a 3-day storm on the mountain. Searchers risked their lives big-time to rescue them. They probed up and down the mountain in a gale-force whiteout to find the bodies. Two of the students lived; the rest froze to death.

The most dramatic accident was in 2002 when 3 separate climbing parties went sliding down the mountain and plunged at high speed into the bergshrund. Three were killed. The rescue helicopter lost its lift and it too plunged down the mountain (video below).

Other fatalities have involved a man who tried to snowboard down from the summit, a woman who looked over the edge of the summit and fell off, the Polish amateur climber who died on a quest to plant his country's flag on the summit, and the three men who climbed Hood in bitter December weather while training for an Everest climb. One was found dead in a snow cave and the other two have not been found.

This video shows the 2002 accident that killed three men who fell into the bergshrund, and then the dramatic helicopter accident (sorry, it's annoyingly overly dramatic) (and if it doesn't play google it on youtube):



List of fatalities 1959-2013 (from The Oregonian):

NOTE: I have not included the multitude of skiing and snowboarding fatalities that have occurred at the ski resorts.

February 2018: climber stranded in storm on upper slopes of Hood. Six others rescued.

August 15, 2017: Two hikers fell 150 off PCT (Emma Place / Emily Lang, both 19).

May 7, 2017: Climber fell near Hogsback (John Thorton Jenkins).

June 4, 2015: Climber fell on Mazama Chutes route (Ward Maxwell).

August 12 2014: A hiker was swept away when the Sandy River bridge gave way on the Ramona Falls Trail, during a flash flood (Brent A. Ludwig).
August 11, 2013 - Sebastian Kinasiewicz, 32, died while trying to summit the mountain alone when he plunged over a thousand feet at Cooper Spur.  He was a novice climber visiting the mountain while on a break from drone training in Oregon.

August 3, 2013: An ice tunnel collapsed on Collin Backowski.
June 30, 2013 - Kinley Adams, 59, of Salem, was found dead 8,400 feet up the mountain, a week after he attempted the summit. He was described as an experienced climber who had climbed many mountains.
June 14, 2012 - Mark Cartier, 56, an experienced and well-known local climber who'd climbed Mt. Hood a hundred times before, suffered a fatal fall near Crater Rock while descending the mountain.
February 6, 2012 - Jared Townsley, 32, of Tigard was found dead below Crater Rock after what was believed to have been a fall in icy conditions.

June 16, 2010: Canadian fell 700 feet on Coe Glacier (Robert Dale Wiebe).

December 2009 - Reid Glacier: Luke T. Gullberg, 26, of Des Moines, Washington is found dead at the 9,000-feet level of Mt. Hood after a fall on the Reid Headwall. The bodies of Gullberg's two climbing  partners,  Katie Nolan and Anthony Vietti, were found the next summer.
January 2009 - Hogsback: Brooke Colvin, 31, is killed after being struck by falling ice in the area below the Pearly Gates and knocked several hundred feet down the mountain. She was climbing with her husband, 33-year-old Thad Stavn.
July 28, 2008 - Cooper Spur: Gary Lee, 55, is descending from the summit on the Cooper Spur route when he's struck by a falling rock. His body is located 1,000 feet below, just above the Elliot Glacier. Climbing w/ son.
December 2006: Cooper Spur: Kelly James, Brian Hall, and Jerry Cooke attempt to scale the difficult north side of the mountain and perish in a storm. James' body is later found in a snow cave near the summit. Hall and Cooke's bodies are not found.

June 2005: Climber fell 2000 feet at Cooper Spur (Todd R. Englehardt).
November 2004 - Sandy Glacier: Kenny D. Kasselder, 37, dies after falling into a crevasse about 30 feet deep on the Sandy Glacier on the west side.

August 2004: A backpacker was swept away while crossing the Sandy River on west slope of Mt. Hood (Sarah Bishop). Her 60-pound pack was securely strapped on; it is recommended that when crossing a river that pack straps be left loose.

May 13, 2004: Climber fell off summit's north side when a snow cornice collapsed, plunged 700 feet  (Rev. Robert J. Cornier).
March 6, 2003 - South Side: Fred Frauens, 49, leaves Timberline Lodge on a solo snowshoe hike up the south slope. He is last seen at 9,500 feet.
May 30, 2002 - South Side: Three groups of climbers -- nine people in all -- fall into a crevasse on the south slope. Rick Read, 48, and Bill Ward, 49, both of Forest Grove, and John Biggs, 62, of Windsor, Calif., die from the fall.
May 24, 2002 - Cooper Spur: Snowboarder Juancarlos Munoz, 30, attempts to snowboard from the summit but dies after falling 2,500 feet onto Eliot Glacier. Munoz, an Argentine, was living in Government Camp and working at Timberline Lodge.
September 2001: Karoly Janos Orsi, 26, a Hungarian exchange student, disappears on a solo day hike.
August 2001: Evan Clark, 15, of Hinsdale, Ill., dies after a chunk of ice crushes him near the Cloud Cap hiking area.
June 4, 2000 - Summit: Diana B. Kornet, 29, of Portland, who had reached the summit, slips as she looks over the mountain's northeast side and falls more than 2,500 feet to her death.
May 23, 1999 - Cooper Spur: Carey Cardon, 31, and Tena Cardon, 29, of Hillsboro, who reached the summit, die shortly after starting their descent, falling together about 1,500 feet along the northeast face. One of them slips and pulls the other as they descend the Cooper Spur route.
May 31, 1998 - West Crater Rim: Tom McGlinn, a 39-year-old climbing with a Mazamas climbing class, is buried and killed when snow and rock give way on the mountain's west side near Illumination Rock.
September 6, 1997 - Cooper Spur: Mark Fraas, 40, dies after falling 1,500 feet while climbing the Cooper Spur route on the northeast face.
September 1995 - Cathedral Ridge: Ken Budlong, 45, of Portland disappears on a solo climb via the Cathedral Ridge route in Hood River County.
July 1994 - Cooper Spur: Four climbers roped together fall 700 feet down the Cooper Spur route, stopping at the lip of a crevasse on Eliot Glacier. Ole Groupe, 16, of Pendleton and Jerry Milton, 51, of McMinnville die in the fall. The other climbers are rescued by helicopter.
July 18, 1991: John Pospisil III, 14, dies when he and his 12-year-old brother, Luke, lose control during an intentional slide and fall into a canyon while descending during a family outing. Luke Pospisil survives.
June 1990: The body of George W. Ott, 76, of Corvallis, is recovered from the face of Mount Hood after he dies of hypothermia. Ott's widow, Marian, says she did not expect her husband, who had terminal cancer, to return from the trip he had chosen to make by himself.
July 11, 1987 - South Side: Arthur Andersen Jr., 59, of Sherwood, dies when he and two other men fall into the Bergschrund crevasse.
May 13, 1986 - South Side: Seven students and two adults from Oregon Episcopal School freeze to death after being trapped in a whiteout while ascending. Killed are Tasha Amy, 15; Alison Litzenberger, 15; Richard Header,16; Erik Sandvik, 15; Susan Elizabeth McClave, 17; Patrick Francis Mcginness, 15; Erin O'Leary, 15; the Rev. Dr. Thomas Goman, 41, and Marion Horwell, 40.
June 20, 1982 - Leuthold Couloir: While in Leuthold Couloir a large avalanche came down from above and caught one rope team of three climbers. One climber was killed by the crushing action of this type of avalanche.
June 21, 1981 - Cooper Spur: Five people in a group of climbers die in a fall from Cooper Spur while descending. Killed on Mount Hood are Jim Darby, 35, Newberg; Garth Westcott, 35, Bend; Larry Young, 30, Corvallis; George Anderson, 36, Boring; and Leah Lorenson, 39, Vancouver.
June 6, 1981 - Cooper Spur: David H. Turple, 51, of Portland and Bill Pilkenton, 17, of Newberg die in a fall from Cooper Spur to Eliot Glacier.
April 26, 1975 - White River Canyon: A Mazamas mountaineering class attempted to cross White River Canyon and some were caught in an avalanche. One died.
June 20, 1959 - South Side: A group of Explorer Scouts were caught in a wet snow avalanche above the bergshrund and carried into it. One died

Saturday, April 12, 2014

Build It, and They Will Come!


sections of the Waterhouse Trail pass through green space between backyards of homes (trail seen in upper right)

That phrase, "build it, and they will come" around here usually refers to new roadways, and people use it to justify why a new route should not be built, because we all know that new roads fuel urban sprawl.  In a delightfully positive way, that phrase today refers to a magnificent conglomeration of walking / biking trails that have been and continue to be developed right here in Washington County Oregon.  And if you build a new walking / cycling trail around here, people will come.  In droves!

new bridge over Bronson Creek; it's actually 3x as long as it looks because it bends to the right

The section nearest our house opened a few weeks ago.  I was delighted to see a spankin' new 200-foot long bridge now crossing Bronson Creek.  When my children were small, we sometimes explored that area.  Even in summer we got wet, muddy feet.  The other night at dusk I could hear the trill of red-wing blackbirds as I leaned over the bridge rail.  A great blue heron, some mallards, and a flock of Canada geese flew overhead.

This trail is heavily used.  I passed strolling families, lovey couples, dudes wearing headphones, and runners and cyclists passed me.  These photos are not the greatest because I was out exploring at sunset.

several small playgrounds are integrated into the trail system

a large community garden uses space underneath the power lines

the trail skirts the Avamere care home

two photos of the pedestrian crossing over West Union Road; pedestrians push a button to activate a flashing light, stopping cars--yay!**  love this feature--no more death-wish-dashing across high-speed roads!

in this photo I'm standing at the junction of  the main trail (north-south), and this one above that heads west; when you head west, you formerly had to walk on narrow West Union Road to pass the Mad Greek Deli--so dangerous; now the trail goes behind the Mad Greek and crosses 185th (with a stoplight) to Bethany Pond

another bridge across an unnamed creek

the trail-builders cut through this huge berm behind Bethany Meadows apartments, to extend the trail north to meet the Pirate Park trail; once you hit Pirate Park you can continue to North Bethany, or you can go east to the Multnomah County line, or west to Sunset Hwy

**I had an amusing experience pertaining to these lighted pedestrian crossings.  The feasibility of installing more of these crossings was discussed at a county meeting I attended.  The majority of our 5 County Commissioners are all for facilitating non-motorized transportation across the county.  But one is most definitely not on board.  His comment (paraphrased here), "We can't have these crossings popping up all over--they slow down traffic!"   You should have heard the clapping and the "yeahs!!!" that ensued from the public in attendance.  He is under the mistaken impression that improving transportation means "moving cars,"  when it actually means, "moving people."

Sunday, March 30, 2014

NOT Your Grandma's Genealogy!

Genealogy is now spoken of in broader terms: Family History.  The old brochures and booklets and paper charts have fallen by the wayside straight into the recycle bin.  Microfilm and those dusty clunky readers are still sometimes necessary, but I research constantly and haven't used one in quite a while.   The key to success now are the fantastic family history websites.  FamilySearch.org, EllisIslandrecords.org, Ancestry.com, Newspapers.com, findagrave.com, and tons of other sites are so full of information that you could spend 40-hour weeks for years without running out of sources to search.

We have gone from THIS:

AND THIS:
AND THIS:
TO THIS:
www.familysearch.org
AND THIS:
the Family Tree feature on www.familysearch.org


AND THIS:
www.ancestry.com
AND THIS
www.findagrave.com

And hundreds of other research websites.  On these sites I can peruse my ancestor's birth/ marriage/ burial records from their Greek Catholic parishes in a remote mountainous corner of northeastern Slovakia. Or I can compare possible family tree connections with potential relatives previously unknown to me.  I can view my grandparents' immigration manifest on www.ellisislandrecords.org (my Baba arrived in the US with $17 in her pocket!).   I can view gravestones of family members who are buried thousands of miles away in cemeteries I'll never get to.  All this without leaving home.

The  Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has for over 100 years been the leader in collecting and storing family history sources.  They have over 2 million rolls of microfilm containing data from around the globe.  About 5 years ago they began digitizing all those rolls, and as soon as each one of those is indexed it is posted on a free site: www.familysearch.org.  Every month millions of newly digitized records are added.  It's a marvelous miracle, thanks to the blessing of technological advances.

Here are just a couple of examples of personal miracles I have experienced because of the technology we now use:

1.  A few years ago a young man in Slovakia whose ancestors came from my Grandparents' villages contacted me via Facebook to compare information and relationships.  I was able to share with him (through Ancestry and FamilySearch) the boatload of info I've accumulated over 40 years of work, and he has been able to dig up new un-microfilmed family information in the Slovak archives to share with me via email.

2. I had long ago found the 3 children of my great-grandmother's brother, Matt Sullivan.  But a few months ago I was doing a computer search on a different Matt Sullivan in my family, and the name of the first Matt came up in the search results about 8 times, showing him as the father of 4 more children, all of whom died very young.  Yes, he actually has 7 children; those other 4 would not have been found without the search tools on that website.

Much more could be said.  You get the idea.  If you have not thought about looking for family, or if you have become discouraged in the past by inaccessibility of records, now is the time to dig in!



Friday, March 28, 2014

The Treasure Under My Bed

my 1975 notes from Genealogy 101

We are wrapping up a remodel of our master bedroom and bathroom.  Shoved underneath our bed are a few boxes of stuff that have no other place in the house, and yesterday it was time to deal with those.  One box labeled Genealogy is full of photographs, old letters (including some from my Mom, Grandma, Dad, and other special relatives), and even the notes from a genealogy class I took in winter semester (Jan-April 1975) during my junior year at BYU.   Yeah.  Why did I keep those notes from 39 years ago??

various brochures and instruction sheets 

That class was taught by Norman Edgar Wright, a professional genealogist who had a gift for teaching.  I loved him, and remember very well him using his own ancestors as examples of how to locate information on deceased people.  His great or great-great-grandmother, Kindness Ann Drain, sticks with me as does the surname Badger.  Maybe Kindness Ann Drain's maiden name was Badger.  Or something.  Prof. Wright's wife's surname was Welsh: Bevan.  Wright explained this Welsh patronymic that evolved into Bevan by repeating ap Evan, ap Evan, apEvan, a-pevan, Bevan.

Wright laid out the principles of genealogical research in a logical way, and set me on the course of becoming a serious researcher.  He took the class on a couple of field trips to the Family History Library in Salt Lake, so we could immerse ourselves and learn how to use it.  All of this supplemented the research training I received in classes as a history major.

Some of the pearls of research wisdom contained in these class notes:
  • Work from the known to the unknown (Surprise! I've assisted people determined to go directly to the unknown without building a foundation on the known)
  • Begin with family and home sources ( "Smart" people try to skip this step too)
  • Document your research in the form of a research calendar (The biggest failing of budding researchers)
  • Keep careful record of findings (Another common failing)
  • Keep careful record of sources you have eliminated (Fail)
  • Learn the card catalog of the FHL (No longer necessary)
  • Use every available record: vital, church, cemetery, census, probate, court, military, emigration, obituaries, land, etc.
  • Shrewdly evaluate primary and secondary sources (This becomes natural with experience)
Listed as research sources in my notes were the following that were "must-check" in 1975:

TIB (temple index bureau), began 1921
CRA (Church Records Archives), began 1942
CFI (computer file index), began 1969

No researcher today would even know what those are, because it's 2014 and we don't do family history like your grandmother did her genealogy!

more "how-to" brochures and handouts

To answer the burning question, Why did I keep those notes from 39 years ago??   At first, because they provided useful guidance; then it became sentimental thing.  Those notes brought back rich memories of a marvelous time in my life.  It is time to send them to recycle heaven though.  They are now immortalized on this blog.

Tomorrow: Not Your Grandma's Genealogy



Wednesday, January 1, 2014

2013 Book Roundup

I am going to rate books this year, unsure how much that helps others looking for a good book.  Scale is 1-10.



History

One Day in September by Reeve: The details of the massacre of Israeli athletes at the 1972 Olympics.  I remember the incident well.  What I didn't know until now was what happened afterwards.  I assumed Germany recognized the mistakes they made by not protecting the athletes in the first place, and then failing to mount an effective rescue once they were taken hostage.  I'm wrong on both assumptions.   It took years of relentless, tireless action by relatives of the deceased, to force Germany into court over this.  It's sad all-round.  The relatives would never get their loved ones back, and they spent their lives forcing Germany to say yes, we made critical mistakes.   (7)

One explanation for Germany hiding under the carpet, is that in 1972, World War 2 had been over barely 25 years, just one generation.  Germany was responsible for unfathomable human misery during and as a result of that war, and in 1972, by staging the Munich Olympics, they could at least make a 'drop in the bucket' atonement for it.  This was the new Germany, not the old Hitler-run fascist state.  And then the Israeli athletes were kidnapped and murdered.  Everyone was a loser that day.

Killing Lincoln by Bill O'Reilly: Even the historian in me can get bogged down in big fat tomes that go on and on about historical events.  O'Reilly's book doesn't do this.  The chapters are short and clear and paint an easy picture of exactly what happened leading up to and on April 15, 1865.  (7)

Guns, Germs and Steel (CD) by Diamond: I listened to this one, and given the heaviness and detail of the subject, the narrator, in his annoying voice, talked too fast.   Over and over I rewound to listen to parts again.  He would talk on while I was still dissecting the sentences already said the previous 30 seconds.  GGS is a thought-provoking book.  The author tries hard to do justice to modern but primitive societies, such as those in parts of Papua New Guinea where he has lived and worked.  He makes the sensible case that societies developed differently, and advanced into the modern world sooner or more thoroughly, because of the ease of their land's geography and ecology, not because those groups are more intelligent than say, societies barely out of the hunter-gatherer mode. In other words, if Australia's aborigines had lived in Eurasia, they would have been the scientists, the colonists of other continents, and so on.  (7)

No Easy Day by Mark Owen:  A detailed account of the mission to get rid of OBL, by one of the Navy Seals involved in the mission.  The book has some photographs along with detailed maps of OBL's compound, and how his last battle unfolded.  Actually, there wasn't much of a battle.  OBL did not even pick up a weapon to fight the invading American troops, even though he had plenty of time to do so.  It makes me wonder what he was thinking when he realized his compound was under attack  Perhaps he was depressed at the waste his life had become, and maybe even welcomed the inevitable "martyrdom."  The book does not speculate on this at all.  The author explains everything else in riveting detail. (8.5)

Deception: The Untold Story of East-West Espionage Today by Edward Lucas:  I had a devil of a time getting through this book.  It contains a boatload of minute details that are hard to track, such as names and aliases and movements of spies (many of them foreigners), loyalties of various agents to various countries at various times, double agents' allegiances and activities, and so on.  The bottom line is that espionage is alive and well today, and that Russia is still a dangerous place, and that Putin runs the country like you would expect from an ex-KGB; corruption is ubiquitous and because of it, the country is slipping towards third-world chaos and poverty rather than rising to the position of the progressive world leader it could be, especially given Russia's natural assets.   In some ways the author's methods are refreshing.  At times I felt he was talking to the reader in person.  He even asked in print a few times for people to correct him if he was wrong, and in one spot he left a note asking a particular person to please contact him.  He readily admitted when he failed to score an important interview or locate an important ex-spy. (5.5)

In the Wake of the Plague: The Black Death and the World it Made by Norman Cantor: disjointed and sometimes crazy assertions mess up this sometimes interesting but not very scholarly book on the 14th century black death.  I can believe the possibility of anthrax thriving along side the plague, but not so much that the plague came from outer space or from snakes.  No footnotes.  Period.  Snarky comments abound.  The Great Mortality by John Kelly is far better on the subject.  (3)

The Medieval Fortress by Kaufmann: balanced between text and marvelous sketches and photographs, I just can't stop looking at this book.  Didn't know there was this variety of way to build castles, and local adaptations designed for safety against invasions from the East, or battles between Western fiefdoms.  (10)

Ghost Soldiers by Sides: Fascinating look at the rescue of the survivors of the Bataan Death March in 1945.   The March occurred in 1942 so these men had been imprisoned in a Japanese POW camp for 3 years under dreadful conditions.  The Americans were sure that the desperate Japanese would massacre the soldiers before they retreated north as the war was closing, thus the rescue operation.  Sides interviewed elderly men who survived the ordeal, both the rescued and the rescuers.  (9)

Operation Snow by Koster: Author details the spy activity and espionage that he believes caused Japan to bomb Pearl Harbor in 1941.  His premise is that Americans working for the Soviets believed that by involving the US in a war against Japan, the Soviets would be relieved of that possible burden.  Part of the tragedy of this "setup" is that the Roosevelt administration knew war with Japan was inevitable, yet even on Dec. 6 1941 it failed to notify key people in the Navy who could have moved our ships and planes out of the harbor, saving many American lives.  (6)

Blood Diamonds by ???: a horrifying expose of the diamond trade, particularly the stones coming out of Sierra Leone.  (7)

Visions of Glory by Pontius: I just couldn't get into this book; perhaps I reached page 50.  A number of people hounded me to read it.  It just seemed to ramble.  I don't disagree with anything I read in it, but the historian in me is bugged by the non-mention of the man's name, and by him revealing such personal experiences (even though it is true that there are appropriate times and ways to do this).  DNF

Endurance by A. Lansing: This has to be among the most gripping non-fiction book ever.  We all know that Ernest Shackleton in 1914 took a group to explore Antarctica, and that his ship Endurance was crushed by ice floes, forcing the men to strike out on boat and foot.  And we all know they were eventually rescued.  But the in-between of what they suffered and endured is so dreadful, so fantastic, that I found myself feeling deep pity and compassion for these long-dead humans I never met.  (10)

The Skies Belong to Us by B. Koerner: The book focuses on a particular hijacking that occurred about 1973, and along the way the author points out many other hijackings that were occurring frequently, sometimes several per week.  He also traces the evolution of hijacking beginning with perps who just wanted a free flight to Cuba, to those who had serious and deadly political agendas.  I had forgotten how absolutely crazy those years were for airline passengers.  Enjoyed the book.  (7)

Shot All to Hell by M. Gardner: I don't know what it is about Jesse James that fascinates me, but I've been hooked on him since I was about 11 years old.  His life of brazen crime is explained as a reaction to injustices his family suffered because of their Confederate sympathies.  The book focuses on the famous Northfield Raid of 1875, a botched bank robbery that brought about the arrest and incarceration of the Younger brothers.  Interestingly, Frank James never paid for his crimes.  Jesse paid for his through his untimely death at the hands of one of his men.  Also, my daughter married into a family that believes a woman in their ancestral line married and had a child by Jesse James, as he passed through the Malad Idaho area in the 1870s.  Nothing I have read indicates Jesse was ever in that vicinity, although he was on the West Coast for a brief time.  (7)

Ireland by P. Johnson: Not a long book, it covers the political history of Ireland.  For those with Irish roots, or anyone wanting to understand the animosity between England and Ireland, it's helpful.  Ireland's sour attitude toward England began in the 13th and 14th centuries when England thought it was doing Ireland a favor by imposing their rule.  And it was all downhill from there.  I have relatives who fought and died for Ireland.  What I personally resent the most is the attitude of the English toward the Irish, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries.  The penal laws were a disaster that Ireland only began to recover from about 20 years ago.  English writers of early times skewered the Irish for being lazy and good for nothing.  But the penal laws forbid education, worship, land ownership, etc., and if an Irishman improved his house the rent went up, which is just one way they were penalized for trying to bring themselves up in the world.  I would have thrown in the towel. (8)

Parkland by V. Bugliosi: Kennedy's assassination and the aftermath related in minute detail, moment by moment.  No sections or chapters.  Heavily footnoted.   One of Buglosi's motivations seems to be to refute conspiracy theories and I'm glad for that.  I was only 9 years old in 1963 and though I vividly remember the important events and facts of the assassination, some details given in the book are new to me.  BTW, YouTube is full of videos of the assassination, Oswald's statements, his family's statements, and his shooting too.  Chaotic times.  (10)

River of Doubt by C. Millard: Ex-president Teddy Roosevelt set out to explore an unmapped tributary of the Amazon with his son Kermit in 1913, and almost didn't live to tell the story.  Twas a great and perilous adventure that would never appeal to me, but living it through TR's experience was amazing.  Author delves into the uniqueness of the Amazon jungle.  (9)

Fatal Dive by P. Stevens: The US Submarine Grunion was lost at sea without explanation in 1942.  60 years later one family begins an investigation as to the location of the sub and the cause of the sinking.  It's a marvelous story, and the resolution of the mystery blesses many lives.  The author powerfully conveys the pained, aching hearts of the sailor's families who were left in the dark by the US Navy for many decades.  Inspiring.  Highly recommend.  (10)

Escape From Alcatraz by J.C. Bruce: Alcatraz was already California lore while I was growing up there.  The place made "doing hard-time" a reality.  It was the end of the line for the worst prisoners, and escape-proof for that reason.  But was it really?  No.  A number of prisoners made it out in sensationally creative ways, the most famous being Frank Harris and friends about whom the famous movie by this name was made starring a young Clint Eastwood.  The consensus is that Frank and friends drowned in their attempt, but no bodies ever surfaced.   Also unsurfaced is any information supporting a successful escape.  No crimes can be attributed to the 3 escapees, no deathbed confessions, etc.  (7)


Fiction
How Green Was My Valley (CD) by Lewellyn: Joys, change, tension and tragedy in a Welsh coal-mining village.  It seems that nothing good ever comes from coal mining.  It's a dirty source of energy, and historically the cost in lives and health to those engaged in the industry is appalling.  The Morgan family should have had an idyllic life, away from bustling cities and modern problems (setting is 1890s to about 1910).  But no, the family was torn apart by tensions between the mine owners and bosses, and the working stiffs.  And those tensions pulled the family members from each other.  The narrator is perfect for this audio book.  (9)

Madame Bovary by Flaubert:  MB is near the top of many must-read lists, and by some is called the most important novel ever.  I didn't think much of it.  (4)

Things Fall Apart by Achebe: This book has been on must-read lists for years but I am just not that interested in African literature.  But, I stole this from Teresa's bookshelf and am glad to have read it.  It uses an African man's experiences to demonstrate the destruction and damage resulting from colonialism.  He becomes powerless as his tribal traditions come to mean nothing to the great white country.  Recommend.  (7)

Master and Commander by Patrick O'Brian: The first in a long series about life at sea in 19th century England.  Captain Aubrey and physician Stephen Maturin.  So much to remember and keep straight in this first volume.  (7)

The Kingdom and the Crown series by Gerald Lund:
Book 1: Fishers of Men: The first book in a 3-book series.  Lund is not the most skillful of writers.  This book is written at about the 8th grade level, ok, but what I don't like is the extensive dull inane conversation that goes on.  That said, I warmed up to the story, in which the unknown Jesus begins his ministry, gathering converts from among the Jews.  The main characters in the story are not the Apostles and other well-known disciples, but these folks know them, and live lives parallel to theirs.  I learned a fair amount I did not know about Jesus's early ministry.
Book 2: Come Follow Me: Painful conversions against great animosity.  Again, the conversations are inane, but the author uses them as a tool to pass context to the reader.  If the speech wasn't so modern it would be easier to take.
Book 3: Behold the Man: The nitty gritty of Jesus's ministry, suffering, death resurrection.  One cannot be unmoved by the anguish experienced by Jesus's faithful disciples.
(5 for the series because it's not as skillfully written as I wish)

Twelve Angry Men by ??? (audio play): Is this how jury trials are decided?  Yikes.  Immediately as deliberation begins, 11 vote guilty because they want to get home for dinner / have tickets to a ball game that night / think the supposed perp must be guilty because of his ethnicity and neighborhood he lives in / etc.  One holdout makes all the others take a second look.  He may indeed be guilty, but beyond a reasonable doubt?   Therein lies the question.  I like to think that deep, careful consideration and open-mindness are part of every jury deliberation.  (8)

All the Little Live Things by Stegner: Retired man Joe Allston, with a painful past, retreats with his wife to the peaceful mountains of California where 2 people change his life: Marian Catlin, a young mother with an enthusiasm for the simple beauties of life, and Jim Peck, the brash annoying hippie druggie who takes advantage of Joe at every angle.  Joe finds he can't escape real life after all.  Typical Stegner: within a few pages I was hooked and knew the 3-dimensional characters intimately.  Unforgettable, like every other Stegner novel.  (9)

My Antonia by Cather (second reading): A Bohemian teenager, Antonia arrives on the plains of Nebraska with her family, to live in a cozy sod hot.  Not really, they are practically living in a hole in the ground.  A "neighbor" boy, Jim Burton, befriends her and they grow up together.  Antonia's life seems to be a metaphor for the country she lived in.  There are disasters, tragedies, successes, maturing, etc. in her life, and the country changes with her.  I first read this in either junior high or high school and have fond memories of Cather's books with their real people experiencing real challenges.  (6)

The Night Circus (CD) by Morgenstern: A mysterious magic circus open only at night draws in performers and followers.  2 magicians trained from childhood are told they will complete with each other for superiority, but not much else is told them about the competition; they must figure that out themselves.   The narrator, Jim Dale, provides a deep and rich feeling as he performs the multitude of voices; without that I would not have enjoyed this book.  Even so, it was a little hard to get into with the multitude of shady characters, some without names, and others without an apparent connection to the rest of the story (until later on).  There is richness in the story, but the ending was too ambiguous for me.  (5)

The Sea Runners by Ivan Doig: 4 Swedish indentured men decide to escape from Russian New Archangel (Sitka) Alaska by canoe and head to Astoria Oregon.  In 1853.  Doig does a marvelous job of "getting inside the heads" of his characters, and this complicates his writing style.  After slogging through the first chapter I couldn't put it down.  The ocean becomes a character on its own.   To not spoil the story I'll just say that one of them men becomes the conscience of the group, and another takes on the role of the heart.  I highly recommend the book.  Beware of some language.  Did folks really talk that way in 1853??  (9)

Speaking From Among the Bones by Alan Bradley: another Flavia de Luce.  A very good one.  (7)

Death Comes to Pemberly by PD James:  Despite mediocre reviews, I liked it well enough, probably because I listened to the rich audio production.  The English accent and expressions lifted the story to the next level.  The characters are the same as in Pride and Prejudice and PD James brings them into deeper action with one another, revolving the story around a crime committed on Pemberly Estate.  (5)

Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton: Ethan Frome is one of the sadder characters in literature.  Desperate to escape his depressing circumstances, mainly his wife who has convinced herself she's an invalid, he takes steps that not only don't free him, but further bind him.  (6)

Catch 22 by Joseph Heller: Can't believe I didn't read this until 2013, although like everyone else, I know what catch-22 means and have even used the expression.  The story is long and detailed, revolving around an American pilot named Yusarian, who is depressed and discouraged that every time he is within reach of fulfilling the required number of bombing missions, the number is raised again.  (7)

The Caine Mutiny Court Martial by Herman Wouk:  This is a short dramatization of the part of The Caine Mutiny that takes place in a courtroom.  (7)

Sorry Wrong Number by L. Fletcher: Another short dramatization of what became a famous Hitchcock movie.  (5--The movie is more effective)

Fablehaven by Brandon Mull:  Fablehaven's plot is intriguing, and this could have been a gripping magical book, but the author has reduced it to dull inane conversation, and missed opportunities to create breath-taking drama.   He inserted "I'll be fine" and "we'll be fine" about 200 times too many, right when the characters were walking into death's door.  I wanted to fling the book at the wall or into the garbage, or something.  He lost nearly every chance to make me sit on the edge of my seat.  The plot involves 2 pre-teens who go to visit their grandparents for a couple of weeks, and find out they are not your ordinary grandparents.  They run a preserve for magical creatures.  To be fair, his audience is your average 8-year-old.  (4)

Tobacco Road by Erskine Caldwell: Wow, all the stereotypes that go around about the backwoods of the deep south are all here in this novel, only it must be based on something real, somewhere.  The Lester family is down and out, seriously, they have not a thing to eat and no cash to buy seed for a crop of any sort.  Jeeter (the father) steals food when he can, and eats it all himself.   If there are scraps of food left, he shares.  Grandma gets nothing cause she's gonna die sometime anyhow.  And their barely 12 year old daughter was married off to a neighbor, and she won't talk to her husband or sleep with him or even stay in the same room with him.  So he's frustrated.   Their 18-year-old daughter is afflicted with a cleft palate that Jeeter keeps meaning to get fixed, but in the past when he had the money to do it he decided he'd rather buy snuff or liquor.  Then 16-year old Dude Lester is dragged to the courthouse for a wedding with a 40-year-old woman who took a liking to him--she bought a car for him to drive so I guess she's entitled.  Sheesh.  (8)

Mountain Time by I. Doig: This isn't my favorite Doig novel as far as plot goes, but like his other stories, he can paint a visual that makes you feel like you're looking at a book full of pictures.  This one concerns a middle-age couple shacking up--and growing up by reliving their painful pasts.  (5)

Nora Ryan's Song by P Giff: Young adult novel.  Nora, a teenage girl in famine Ireland, figures out how to keep her family alive.  Simple and short.  I think it's the first in a series.  (6)

The Black Arrow by R.L. Stevenson:  Intrigue, deception, betrayal, romance, and history set among bawdy taverns,  ruined castles, misty fens, mysterious moors during the War of the Roses and the rise of Richard III (crookback).  Knights and ladies, friars and fake friars, peasants and peons.  What a dreamy story!  (9)

The Prince and the Pauper by M. Twain: A well-known and oft duplicated story of a wretched waif who is mistaken for Prince Edward VI, son of Henry VIII.  The prince becomes the vagabond and learns what life for most Englishmen was like.  It's a good story.  (8)

Carry On, Jeeves by Wodehouse: Amusing adventures of Mr. Worcester and his "man" Jeeves.  Jeeves is smart, sharp and daring.  I do get weary of stories about aristocratic British who absolutely must wear the right tie or use the correct spoon or they become social pariahs.  And they don't go to work!  They wring their hands every time a relative cuts off their allowance.  No wonder we had to break away from England. (6)

Orphan Train by C. Klein: A fascinating story of an elderly woman whose past as an orphan sent her west on one of the Orphan Trains (a real program) that rescued waifs from squalid neglected city orphanages, and transferred them into supposedly loving arms of midwest childless farmers.  It worked out sometimes, but not always.  I like that the fictional story plays the old woman's past off the orphan of the present.  (8)

Huckleberry Finn by M. Twain: An occasional old delightful favorite is always welcome.  For those who object simply because its full of racial slurs, see how far we have come.  (9)

Borrower of the Night by E. Peters: 2 college professors pursue clues to the location of a long-missing medieval relic.  Great idea, but I am annoyed by mysteries in which the suspense is spoiled by characters who solve clue after clue after clue in just a few hours time.   For instance, they go into a library, locate an ancient manuscript, read it as easily as a newspaper and instantly know exactly what it's talking about.  I do appreciate the author's restraint in not cheaply sexing up the book--that would have been a total deal-breaker.  (5)



Natural Disasters
Mega-Disasters by Diacu: This book was as boring as all get-out.  The author examined how to better predict catastrophes of every kind, and what governments could do to help people.  The truth is, that natural disasters just happen.  Yes, you can prepare to an extent (have emergency supplies on hand, know how to best react when whatever strikes), but in the end, people are going to be injured and die.  I felt he was trying to give simple answers when sometimes there aren't any answers.  (3)

Roar of the Heavens by Bechtel: A blow-by-blow (haha) account of the 1969 disaster, Hurricane Camille, one of only 3 category 5 hurricanes to make landfall in the 20th century.  And, the only hurricane in recorded history to hit land with winds as strong as 190 mph.  The exact wind speed will never be known because Camille demolished every wind-measuring device.  I remember Camille.  The most coverage at the time was directed to the damage in the Pass Christian, Mississippi area, but the worst was actually centered in Nelson County, Virginia, where the topography of steep mountains and narrow creeks funneled barrels of rain--no, oceans of rain--down through the hollows.  It happened so fast (5 inches of rain in a half hour in one area) that people truly didn't have time make high ground, and 1% of Nelson County's population died; many of those were from the mud slides, caused by the rain (28 inches in 12 hours in some areas) dissolving the hillsides.  (8)

The famous Richelieu apartment building, where a foolish group decided to ride out the storm, took a direct hit--the eye passed over it and wiped the ground clean, leaving one survivor.  That site was later used for a shopping center which--get this--was wiped out by Hurricane Katrina.  Mmmm, are there any lessons learned here?  How bout dedicating that piece of land as open space?  I always wonder why some folks think they know better than all the experts, and  think they can beat Mother Nature. (8)

Shattered Air by B. Madgic: Second reading.  The book's premise is one particular lightening event on the summit of Half Dome in Yosemite in the 1980s.  A party of hikers disregarded a warning sign cautioning them not to ascend the dome if a storm is brewing.  The cavalier among them encouraged others to go on.  Several were killed in the ensuing lightening storm, including one who was hurtled right off Half Dome's edge several thousand feet down to its base.  I learned plenty about lightening and will never  again look at it thinking "this couldn't happen to me," because it can.  (9)

Science

The Demon Under the Microscope by Hager: Am I ever glad I live now!  The author traces the development of antibiotics which weren't part of everyday life until the late 1930s.  My mother's younger brother died of appendicitis just a few years before antibiotics would have been available to save his life.  The author goes into detail about the horrors of WW1, and previous wars, where many, if not most, of the deaths were due to infection rather than wounds themselves.  One of the soldiers who had been assigned to help with medical treatment came home to become one of the main players in the quest for something, anything, that could save lives.  (10)

The Unthinkable (CD) by Ripley: a must-read, for everyone.  Ripley uses various disasters, localized and major, to explain how the human brain and body respond at times of disaster.   And then she explains how important it is for us to  be alert to our surroundings, and to practice reactions to possible scenarios.  For example, the company Morgan Stanley was housed in several of the WTC buildings, including #1.  Because their security chief insisted the company hold regular (and highly unpopular) evacuation drills, when 9/11 occurred only about a dozen of their employees were killed, because they knew what to do, how to get out.  Other companies lost many more because their employees didn't even know where the stairwells were located.  (10)

The Secret Race by Tyler Hamilton: Hamilton, a retired pro-cyclist, reveals the doping and politics side of an otherwise great sport.  It's extremely disappointing to find out that most of the fantastic achievements in pro-cycling, particularly in the Tour de France (which is the only race I really pay attention to), were faked.  Faked meaning that the riders did not do great things due to their intense training and top physical condition, but due to the crap in their systems.  Hamilton indicts himself right along with Lance and all the other guilty parties.  Shameful.  However, I can see why someone like Hamilton partook: because pretty much all riders were doing it, without those illegal substances and blood-bagging he might as well have ridden a tricycle in the competitions.  (8)

Surviving the Angel of Death by Eva Mozes Kor: This very short book is written by a survivor of Jozef Mengele's concentration camp twins experiments.  He was fascinated by twins in a twisted way.  He performed horrid experiments on the helpless children.  For instance, he would inject one twin with a germs causing a fatal disease.  As soon as that twin died he would have the other twin killed, so that he could do side-by-side autopsies, using the well twin as the control in his experiment.  Eva's stubborn strength carried her and her twin through--they both survived, though her sister died in her 50s from the effects of Mengele's practices.  The best part about the book is the forgiveness Eva was able to extend.  I know she is sincere because she mentions her burdens disappearing, and she states that forgiveness is more for the victim.  She knows.  (9)

Cockpit Confidential by Patrick Smith: I highly recommend this book about every aspect of flight you can think of.  Smith delves into the workings of an airplane to explain how we can hurtle through the air at 35,000 feet, and then goes on to discuss the life of a pilot, the mystery behind pilot communications to the passengers, and even how the 3-letter airport codes came about.  He disses our airport security system and I don't entirely agree with what he says on that.  We have had only minor terrorist incidents since airport security was tightened.  (9)

Outliers by M. Gladwell: Author studies data, then shows why and how people are more a product of their time and place than you might think.  Much of what he says makes sense.  (8)

Biography
Call the Midwife by Worth: True story of a woman's experiences as a midwife in London's East End during the 1950s.  It's a quick read, and is the story the PBS series comes from.  I am very impressed by the women who took on the horrid tasks of caring for the sometimes-derilict people who inhabited the area.  Call me an uncaring weakling, but I would keep my distance.  (8)

Catherine the Great by Massie: A very complete biography of a far-sighted ruler of Russia.  Catherine, a German princess brought to Russia by Empress Elizabeth, expanded and strengthened the empire.  Though her legitimacy of position was always in question, she loved Russia and gave her all to modernize and make it a world player.   It was a brutal time to be alive.  Catherine made efforts to abolish the system of serfdom, but that revolutionary idea's time was not yet to be.  She mistakenly thought that absolute monarchy was the best and most logical system of government, this at the time of American independence and the French Revolution.   The author has made this heavy subject very readable.  (8.5)

One Light Still Shines by Monville: Marie Monville was the wife of the Amish school shooter.  Her book takes the reader through the devastation of her husband's actions, and the deep faith in God that got her through that day, and the days and years which followed.   Her details about the concern and forgiveness shown her by the Amish, and her own prayers for the Amish victims, are very moving.  This is a must-read book.  (10)

Catch Me if You Can by F. Abagnale: I really hate this guy.  He writes his own story here.  He has complete disdain and disrespect for everyone except himself, and presents himself as every woman's fantasy.  He figures out ways to beat the system, justifies his crimes, and laughs at everyone else's stupidity.  Eventually the law caught up with him and  he did time, which he whines about.  In my book he deserved every bit of poor treatment handed to him.  He felt he deserved the Ritz, because he was so much brighter, smarter, and gifted than everyone else.  No, it's that everyone else is prudent, honest and humble.  (7)

The Captivity of the Oatman Sisters by Olive Oatman: In 1852 near the Arizona-California border, an Illinois family was massacred by Apaches, except the brother Lorenzo, who was left for dead but wasn't dead.  Two of the girls were taken by the Indians, then sold to the Mojave tribe.  Lorenzo spent the next 5 years looking for the girls.  Olive details her suffering and despair.  The negative of this book is the archaic language in the introduction and a few other parts.  Sentences go on and on, and at the end of them I have no idea what was just said.  Most of the narrative is comprehendible.  (6)

My Story by Elizabeth Smart: What a sweet, perceptive, faithful person she is.  Her story details the horrors of her 9 month captivity.   After her rescue she was criticized for not trying to escape.  In the book she explains why, and no one can criticize her for the decisions she made under unbearable circumstances and threats.  She explains how she has been able to move on to a successful and happy life, and has hit the nail on the head by emphasizing her faith.  A must-read.  (10)

An American Childhood by Annie Dillard: Author's patrician Pittsburgh childhood chronicled which was the opposite of my father's Pittsburgh-area growing up.  I almost put the book down when she wrote that her mother found it hard to raise 3 children even though she had a cook and housekeeper.  Sheesh.  But I stuck with it and liked it okay.  She's 9 years older than me but I could still relate to her childhood experiences.  What I didn't like was that she interspersed interesting paragraphs and chapters about something, with sections about boring nothing.   At least one other reviewer commented on dull, rambling poetic imagery.  At the end of each of those parts I had no idea what she was talking about.  The book is classed as non-fiction but surely all those detailed conversations were made up. (7)